presumption
[pri'zʌmpʃən]
n. 推测, 可能性, 冒昧, 放肆, [法律]推定
例句与用法:
She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrangements without first consulting her.
他事先没有和她商量便作好旅行安排,她对他自作主张很生气。
The article has too many false presumptions.
这篇文章中凭空臆测的东西太多。
n.
1. 冒昧; 放肆; 自以为是; 傲慢[U]
It is presumption to go to a party when one has not been invited.
未被邀请而去参加宴会是冒昧的。
2. 推测; 假定, 设想[C][U][+(that)]
3. 推测的理由(或根据)[C][U]
4. 【律】推定[C][U]
presumption
名词复数:presumptions
词义辨析:
同义参见:
haste
conclusion
speculation
shot2
confidence
license
freedom
abstraction
expectation
presumption[pri'zʌmpʃən; pri:-]n.1.■放肆;傲慢;专横,自以为是2.■厚颜无耻;视为当然的事物3.■假想;假定;设想;推测4.■做出推论的理由(或根据);可能性5.■(根据其他已知事实把某一假设作为事实的)推定
presumptionpresumption[priˈzʌmpʃən]n.1.■推测, 臆断, 假定2.■专横, 自以为是; 冒昧, 自大3.■(= presumption of fact)【律】事实的推断(根据已知事实作出的推断)The presumption is that he had lost his way.推想起来, 他当时是迷了路。
noun
- an act or instance of taking something to be true or adopting a particular attitude towards something, especially at the start of a chain of argument or action
推测;推定;假设;假想
the presumption of guilt has changed to a presumption of innocence.
有罪推定已改变为无罪推定。
■an idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain
合理假设,有根据的假设(被认为正确、常被当作其他想法基础的想法,尽管不能确认其正确性)
underlying presumptions about human nature.
关于人性的合理假设。
■(chiefly Law)an attitude adopted in law or as a matter of policy towards an action or proposal in the absence of acceptable reasons to the contrary
(主律)推定,假定
the planning policy shows a general presumption in favour of development.
规划政策表现出倾向于发展的总的假定。 - [mass noun]behaviour perceived as arrogant, disrespectful, and transgressing the limits of what is permitted or appropriate
放肆,冒昧,自以为是
he lifted her off the ground and she was enraged at his presumption.
他把她抱起来,她对他的放肆火冒三丈。
- Middle English: from Old French presumpcion, from Latin praesumptio(n) 'anticipation', from the verb praesumere (see presume)
presumption
名词 presumption:
an assumption that is taken for granted
同义词:given, precondition
(law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed
audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to
同义词:presumptuousness, effrontery, assumption
a kind of discourtesy in the form of an act of presuming
presumption
■Liu, Yameng. 1997. Authority, Presumption, and Invention [J]. Philosophy and Rhetoric 30.4: 413-27.
[权威,设定和修辞发明。《哲学与修辞》1997年第4期。
■PAUL VOLCKER: What changed drastically in the 1980s and running through today is the kind of presumption that inflation is bad.
“通货膨胀是糟糕的事情这个假定是经过八十年代的激烈变化确立的,并且一直使用到今天。
■A plausible presumption is that practical politicians would try to protect their constituents from global gluts.
一个合理的假设,讲求实际的政治家会尽力保护其选民不受全球供过于求的影响。
■Once EPA decides to issue a notice of cancellation, a presumption arises in favor of suspension.
一旦环境保护局决定颁布一个撤销注册的通知,就会出现有利于终止注册的推断。
■There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best.
一般人都以为医生最了解情况。
■Presumption of Interpretation against the Drafter
三、对起草者不利解释推定
■Presumption That a Statute Must Be Read as a Whole
三、整体理解推定
■A leisurely process of decision-making creates a presumption in favor of eventual inaction.
不慌不忙地作决定就会使人猜测是打算不了了之。
■However, if the speaker lacks a correct estimation of the common knowledge field shared by the other participants, an untrue presumption is likely to occur.
不过,如果发话者对话语参与者的知识共有场缺乏正确的估计,有可能造成其预设的不真实性。
■China did not succeed in rebutting that presumption.
中国未能成功反驳该假定。
■China market research director general Jim Begg said: 'Everyone knows that cows produce methane and the presumption is that nature must take its course.
为网站提供和访客对话的平台,并且网站访客无需安装任何软件,即可通过网页进行对话。所有机房建设系统共有的一个特点是:网页标签。
■Lord, help us keep our hearts tender before You, Keep us from the presumption of making decisions which we have not thoroughly checked out with You and Your wise counsellors.
主啊,帮助我们的心在您面前柔软。保守我们在没有仔细察验您的心意之前,不冒然作决定。谢谢您赐给我们自由意志的恩赐。
■Major-Minor Fault Presumption Rule
主要-次要过失推定原则
■The fact that a theory of politics, if there be such a theory, has never been heard of before tends to create a presumption against, rather than in favor of, its soundness.
事实上,对于一套政治理论,假设其确实存在而之前却从未听闻的话,容易形成的假设是反对,而不是支持其该理论的完备性。
■Res ipsa loquitur does not normally entail a presumption of the defendant's fault, nor a shift in the burden of proof.
事实自证制度通常并不涉及对被告过错的推定,也不必定导致举证责任的倒置。
■Analyze from the angle of demonstration, presumption of fault is the result of law experience and deduction, not the arbitrariness of the judge, which endows presumption of fault rationality, and can be accommodated by legal system.
从实证的角度分析,过错推定是一种法律经验和逻辑推论的结果,而不是立法者的任意,这使得过错推定制度具有一种特定法律发展的合理性,并能为法学理论体系所容纳。
■I have never heard of such presumption.
从来没有听说过如此无礼的事。
■She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrange ments without first consulting her.
他事先没和她商量便做好旅行安排,她对他自作主张很生气.
■She is infuriated by his presumption in make the travel arrangement without first consulting her.
他事先没和她商量便做好旅行安排,她对他自作主张很生气。
■She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrangements without first consultingher.
他事先没有和她商量便作好旅行安排,她对他自作主张很生气。
■She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrangements without first consulting her.
他事先没有和她商量便作好旅行安排,她对他自作主张很生气。
■Nevertheless, in their presumption they went up toward the high hill country, though neither Moses nor the ark of the LORD'S covenant moved from the camp.
他们却擅敢上山顶去,然而耶和华的约柜和摩西没有出营。
■The presumption has become that such regimes will endure.
他们转而假定这类政权能够维持下去。
■She was indignant with his presumption and self-satisfaction and conscious rectitude .
他办事公正,实事求是,本性如此,无需申述。
■He liked to quote Lord Sankey's(注4) words on the presumption of innocence, the “single golden thread” that ran through English law.
他喜欢在假定别人无罪时援引桑基爵士的比喻:无罪推定原则是英国法律中“唯一的金线”。
■He had the presumption to criticize my work.
他居然厚着脸皮批评起我的作品[工作]来。
■There is a strong presumption that he will succeed.
他有很大的成功希望。
■The presumption of state control under the rubric of “African socialism” (an illusory third way) has been junked.
以“非洲社会主义”为红色标题的国家管控假想已经卡壳了,那只是幻想中的第三种路线。
■Founded on probability or presumption.
以可能性或假设为根据的
■Any presumption that smoking is in anyway beneficial is totally preposterous.
任何对抽烟不管怎样是有益的假设都是完全荒谬的。
■Any presumption those smoking is in anyway beneficial is totally preposterous .
任何对抽烟不管怎样样是有益的假设都是完全荒谬的。
■The story(absurd enough!) is that Jupiter made the first woman and sent her to Prometheus and his brother, to punish them for their presumption in stealing fire from heaven; and man, for accepting the gift.
传说(虽然相当荒唐)朱庇特造了第一个女人并把她送给了普罗米修斯兄弟二人,以惩罚他们偷盗天火的狂妄行为,也惩罚人类,因为他们接受了天火。
■The story (absurd enough!) is that Jupiter made the first woman and sent her to Prometheus and his brother, to punish them for their presumption in stealing fire from heaven; and man, for accepting the gift.
传说(虽然相当荒唐)朱庇特造了第一个女人并把她送给了普罗米修斯兄弟二人,以惩罚他们偷盗天火的狂妄行为,也惩罚人类,因为他们接受了天火。
■It seems that TSCA essentially establishes a presumption of safety, which EPA must overcome before it may require further testing of a chemical.
似乎《有毒物质管理法案》实质上确立了安全性的假定,在要求对化学药品做进一步检查之前,环境保护局必须证明这个假定。
■Presumption led them to transgress His law, believing that His great love would save them from the consequence of their sin.
但他们却擅作主张,以致违犯了他的律法,还指望他的大爱会救他们脱离犯罪的后果呢。
■But faith listens neither to Presumption, nor to Despair, nor to Cowardice, nor to Precipitancy, but it hears God say, "Stand still," and immovable as a rock it stands.
但是信心对于傲慢,绝望,懦弱,和急躁等等的话,一概不听,只听神的吩咐,“只管站住”,屹立不动,有如磐石。
■You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen.
你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上。
■Your presumption that I would agree with your plan is false.
你假设我会同意你的计划,那是错的。
■Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false.
你认为我会和你同住一套公寓,那就错了。
■The problem with this rhetoric-- "Congress for sale, foreign agents in our midst"-- is that it creates a presumption of corruption that no reform will dispel.
使用如“国会在待价出售,有外国代理商在我们中间”这种夸张的辞令,问题在于它制造一种任何改革也无法消除的贪污腐化设想。
■that was a presumption at the most, not a proof.
充其量这也只是种猜测而不是证据。
■Public need that may override the presumption against reclamation need not be something that the community cannot do without.
公众需要,不一定是公众不可或缺的需要。
■The presumption has transferred only the burden of producing evidence, not the burden of persuasion.
其中,推定转移给被告人的仅仅是提供证据责任,而并不转移说服责任。
■And then they have made it over; a presumption of which neither time nor revolutions at least have been guilty.
再则,花样翻新,经常一改再改,这至少是时间和革命所未曾有过的奢望。
■Put another way, the presumption that political freedom will never catch up with economic freedom could turn out to be joyously wrong.
再者,认为政治自由永远滞后于经济自由的说法也会被证明是可笑的谬论。
■Presumption of Innocence, Anti-self-incrimination, and In the Interest of the Prosecuted, are the three basic principles governing the distribution of burden of proof in criminal litigation.
刑事诉讼基本原则中的无罪推定原则,反对强迫自证其罪原则,有利于被告原则决定和指导着刑事证明责任的具体分配,是刑事证明责任分配的基本根据。
■The injury reparation of medical accident should be adapted to the rule of negligence presumption and conduction of reverse the burden of proof.
医疗事故的法律性质为侵权责任,医疗事故的损害赔偿应适用过错推定原则,实行举证责任倒置。
■Even where recognized, independent contractor status must be strictly maintained because it is against the usual presumption.
即便是在认可这种关系的地方(国家),独立承包人身份也必须严格维持,因为它与通常的推测相悖。
■This document does not constitute an intention to create legal relations and any presumption of intention to create such legal relations is expressly rebutted by both parties.
双方无意以此协议文件设立某项法律关系。并且,双方明确反对认为此协议文件旨在设立某项法律关系的任何假定。
■Causality presumption is the issue that stretches over tort law and the proof law,it has little influences in the legislation and court,compared with the fault presumption.
古典因果关系理论不适应现代社会,在环境侵权领域,因果关系之调整以及因果关系推定之确立乃属必然。